Benedict Spinoza. 2011.

“A free man thinks of death least of all things; and his wisdom is a meditation not of death but of life.”

BARUCH SPINOZA – dutch rationalist philosopher, naturalist, one of the main representatives of philosophy of the Modern History (1632-1677).

Spinoza was the author of rationalism, the method of knowledge and action through reason. Spinoza asserted that God was nature and existed “only in a philosophical sense.” Nature is one, eternal and infinite substance. The substance by Spinoza is what “exists by itself and is represented by itself”. There is only one substance (nature, God), that is omnipresent. Thus, Spinoza’s God is not a personal being, but an infinite and indivisible substance. Any “ultimate” thing (man, flower, stone) is a part of the substance.

Baruch Spinoza developed a logical and systematic presentation of the philosophy of rationalism. He became the author of a system of scrupulous arrangement of all terms and concepts, laid the foundations of modern philosophy.

“A Short Treatise on God, Man and His Well-Being” (1660), “A Theologico-Political Treatise” (1670), “Tractatus Politicus” (1675 – 1676).